REPORT FROM ICDP MOZAMBIQUE (back home)

The ICDP project in Mozambique works in the area of competence building of Civil Society, organizations and networks, in order to promote healthy development and protection for children. The overarching objective is to help improve the quality of care of vulnerable children, by strengthening the role of caregivers of both genders and enabling them to fulfil their care- and educational responsibilities. This aim is achieved through the implementation of a culturally sensitive and easy to implement programme designed to improve the interaction and relationship between adults/caregivers and children. The ICDP work is carried out mainly through a community based strategy where local teams are trained and sensitized to respond to children’s developmental needs. They are enabled to convey this knowledge further to other caregivers within the community, thus leading to a consistent spreading effect of good practices related to child rearing. More specifically the ICDP training programmes are delivered to:

1.      Staff inside both CS partners and DMAS; they are key-persons for the competence building strategy

2.      Staff from NGO’s, CBOs and networks of social workers, namely OMM

3.      ICDP will continue to cooperate with the Pedagogical University, Maputo, so that the program becomes part of the psychology/education curricula (at Master level), thus providing more institutional anchorage and sustainability

The baseline for the intervention was set on evidence from official statistics and interviews with leaders of key organizations operating in areas of high risk, referring to demographic indicators, like poverty, prevalence of HIV/AIDS, alcohol abuse and family abuse, violence and neglect in the psycho-social field, gender conflicts, school drop outs. Living under stressful conditions often leads to neglect of children as it is difficult for caregivers to attend to their children’s’ needs. This in turn can have a dramatic long-term effect causing sever developmental delays in children, later reflected in poor achievements at school, anti-social behaviour, low performance in working life, loss of cultural knowledge and values. The project is reaching caregivers and families in the most critical areas of the country; in the Maputo province and also expanding gradually to other provinces through the work of local organizations trained in the ICDP methodology. Some of the project’s key acitivities included:

a.      Strengthening DMAS staffs capacity through systematic follow up and monitoring of their work. This was carried out in children’s institutions and those who had fulfilled the requested criteria thus became ICDP facilitators.

b.      Participation of ICDP in DMAS meetings, in the Coordinating Council, which contributes to the sustainability of ICDP at institutional level;

c.       The first phase of training for CVM staff in the ICDP Program was carried out in Manjacaze, Gaza province, with a considerable number of participants coming from several provinces.  However the field follow up, monitoring and evaluation did not take place due to CVM organizational problems in creating the necessary conditions.

d.      The sensitization of OMM community groups in districts 4 and 5 in Maputo continued with great dynamic and involvement.

e.      Sensitization of senior staff from MINED over 3 days, involving a group of professionals, directors from ZIPs, who may play an important role in spreading the program through the education sector

f.        The work with Universidad Pedagogica evolved around two poles: 1. after a request from the department, a group of student trainees from the course of educational psychology were sensitized in the ICDP program and were involved in the field work with the ICDP team; 2. the ICDP program was taught by ICDP senior staff to developmental psychology students, as part of the post graduation and master courses in psycho-traumatology. This will also contribute to the Program’s future sustainability. 

The less positive factor related to the implementation of the project was that institutions in general found it difficult to adhere to agendas and plans previously agreed to. Also establishing protocols of cooperation proved to be a difficult process which makes it harder to set plans and strategies for the implementation of the program in a structured, responsible and timely way. CS organizations and groups put ‘pressure’ on ICDP by expecting to receive some kind of material benefit, in addition to receiving the ICDP training - and that constitutes an additional challenge for the work of ICDP.

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Report from the second ICDP network meeting, from 26-29 October 2009

by Karsten Hundeide  

The objective of the ICDP network meetings in Southern Africa is to consolidate, strengthen and develop ICDP in this region through a gradual transfer of competence and through sharing inspiration, experience and ideas on how to best mainstream and implement the psychosocial component in existing projects and programs for children in need. This is the second network meeting and we were altogether 18 participants from six different countries. The countries were: South Africa, Malawi, Zimbabwe, Tanzania, Mozambique, Ethiopia - plus Norway and Portugal. Representative from the Norwegian Embassy was also present. Representative from Lesotho were supposed to come, but were prevented. This means that ICDP is now operative in seven different countries in the region. In total this was a very rewarding meeting as we can read from the spontaneous responses from the participants (see later in report) that indicated that not only the professional but also the emotional and social support from other participants in a similar situation is important. Suggestions for program items were sent out in advance so that the participants could have a say in the program that was implemented.

The agenda of the meeting was split into five main parts:

1.     Professional presentations of topics relating to the ICDP Program

2.     Field visits with discussions of project development

3.     Presentations and reports of ICDP work from the different countries.

4.     Discussions and decisions from the meeting

5.     Informal contact, staying in the same hotel, sharing meals together and some sight seeing.

Each of the points will be commented below. The meetings where held in the venue of the ICDP Mozambique and the participants where fetched every morning by the ICDP couch from the hotel and from and to the airport.

1.     The professional content of the meeting

In the invitation letter to this meeting some professional topics were suggested that were central in the implementation of the ICDP Program.

a)     The first topic was some basic ideas in ICDP and new developments. I gave a presentation of some basic and some new ideas related to the ICDP Program. As there were visitors from the outside, it was important also to give an introduction to the basic features of ICDP short introduction to the basic features of ICDP

b)    The second day was dedicated to field visits with discussions afterwards.

c)     The third day we decided to presented ICDP in the challenge of working in different cultural contexts. This proved to be a very interesting topic for most participants and they contributed with examples from their own country about the varied cultural practices and values linked to care of children.

d)    Fortunately we also had a visitor for this session Dr. Boya Efraim, who is a Mozambican clinical psychologist with a Ph.D. from the University of Hamburg in psychotherapy and psychotraumatology. He has also been the head and founding member of a local NGO called “Rebuilding Hope”, that is ICDP Mozambique’s main partner. He told very interesting stories about how he had combined modern psychotherapy with traditional rituals of purification when they were dealing with child soldiers after the civil war ended. This was a fascinating topic that raised interesting questions about the problems of using western conceptions and practices of therapy in a cultural context where spiritual bewitchment and ancestral influences are central conceptions in peoples understanding of mental problems.

e)     Two films of ICDP were presented, one in an African context and the other from Colombia were UNICEF had produced a film promoting ICDP as an essential tool for humanizing care in the high risk areas of violence and poverty.

2.     Field visit

Based on ICDP Mozambique current planned work it was possible to organize visits to two different settings in different neighborhoods; Laulane and Maxaquene, both in district 4 a quite deprived area, both in the outskirts of Maputo, The participants’ group was divided in 2 at random.

1. One group went to Laulane where they had the opportunity of observing and participate in the interaction of a group of community activists (7) trained in the ICDP program with a group of some 45 children in semi structured activities. These activists are members of ADSC a CBO that emerged from the work of ICDP in that community and that has been implementing the program extensively within their capacities and with ICDP staff technical support. An event that triggered children’s joy was when one of the participants in the meeting joined one of the teams playing football and scored one goal. Big ’surprise’ because it was a woman and even more when she told them that she was a football coach.

2. The second group went to Maxaquene and joined in and observed the sensitization of a group of mothers participating in the program being promoted by OMM activists. This was a replica training session, assisted by ICDP staff, as part of a plan to extend the ICDP program into the community. There was a sharing of life experiences and found the common ground of nowadays difficulties in raising deprived children, namely OVCs, independently of the country.

Participants from both groups stressed the importance of observing the ICDP program in action at grass root level, as it demonstrated both its importance yet above all that no matter the difficulties a difference can be made in children’s lives.    The response from the field visit was very good. Many visitors were touched by the contact with the children and the care provided by the ICDP staff in the project. Based on this field experience we had discussions in the afternoon about implementation, setting up projects and the quality of the work that ICDP is implementing. 

3.     Presentations from the various countries

These took place n the afternoon. All participants presented some projects from their country where ICDP were involved. Also future plans were discussed.

See appendix 1 below for more details about each country

4.     Discussions and decisions from the meeting

We discussed the ICDP network and how it could be sustained. There was a strong agreement amongst the participants about its value. Still the problem is one of funding. How can we get further support to continue these meetings. Different alternatives were discussed including approaching NORAD and the Norwegian embassy.

It was also agreed that the next years meeting should be in South Africa in the region around Durban where Rachel, Jill and Mary James are located.

Conclusion: This meeting strongly confirmed the value of the ICDP network in sustaining the commitment and professional quality of the work that ICDP is involved in, in different African countries.

5.     Informal contacts and new friendships

Maybe the most rewarding part of the meetings was the informal contacts and the friendly atmosphere that developed between the participants – exchanging experiences, sharing meals, going out together and being inspired by the different projects that were developed in different countries. See next point.

6. Informal “evaluation” of the meeting

In conclusion, it was a very successful meeting. This is also indicated in the spontaneous responses that we received during the final dinner:

“Dear ICDP Team, It is sad that these words cannot be face-to-face but I hope you will feel the sincerity and deep gratitude they convey. Thank you once more for revealing more precious information, for opening the channels of love and for leaving such a rich legacy in our continent… “

“Dear ICDP network members, Thank you many times over the beautiful time of learning and sharing. It has been such a privilege and we hope it will lead to more exciting work in our respective countries. Thanks for your love and hospitality.”

“Thank you very much for this amazing week. I have learnt so much, been convinced of the importance of including ICDP as an important part of our organization, and loved the opportunity to make new friends. Thank you…”

“I very much felt that ICDP is a very promising concept & activity that would spread soon throughout Africa. More importantly I very much hope that it would take on a modest structure and function in Ethiopia. Thank you all”

“ This has been days of sharing and having fun although dealing with serious problems.  Will never forget! Thank you.”

“There can never be too much ICDP. I have got many new ideas and the meeting has given me strength and engagement to pursue further the ICDP work both at home and in Malawi”

Appendix 1: Plan for follow up ICDP in the different countries

1. South Africa: Caversham Centre near Pietermaritzburg

Dear Karsten, Pedro and Santana, Firstly please accept a huge "Thank you" for the most wonderful four days. We learnt so much and you touched our hearts and our minds in the special way that only ICDP can.  Thank you for once more "opening windows' for us. We were so sorry to have missed the last critical session on planning for the future but took the opportunity at the airport to discuss ways to take the process forward in KwaZulu Natal South Africa. On behalf of LETCEE, (Mary James & Charmaine Forster) Rob Smetherham Bereavement Service (Rachel Rozenthals-Thresher & Pinky Majola and Caversham Centre (Jabu Mtheku & myself) we would like to share some challenges and proposals for a way forward as we are passionate about ICDP and all wish to be able to offer its programmes.

 Challenges:   The greatest challenge that we all experience is human capacity. We need more promoters and then facilitators to train promoters. At present with only two promoters amongst our group, both in senior management positions scope for implementation is extremely limited.   Allied to this is the need for funding to take the training of ICDP to scale.

The Way Forward     It has been agreed that:

• Rachel, in her capacity as Chair of the Cindy network will initially co-ordinate the activities of the three partners ( Cindy (including Robs), LETCEE & Caversham)
• Each organization will consult with their people and establish the ICDP training needs for their organization.  This needs analysis will include the number of promoters and the number of facilitators (trainers) required, the target of training and the types of programmes in which ICDP training could be provided.
• This information will be tabled at a meeting set for Tuesday 1 December 2009 at Caversham Centre

Recommendations regarding the scaling up of ICDP in KwaZulu Natal  We recommend that the training takes place in two phases

• Phase 1 - Training of Promoters. - This training will include training of key persons selected by each organization who will form a "core group" for the province. We envisage that this training may include as many as 30- 40 people.
• Phase 2 - Training of facilitators. - From the initial training of promoters a group will be selected to represent each organization in Facilitators (train-the-trainers)  training. At this stage Mary James and myself, and any other KZN promoter who may wish, will join the training to upgrade our qualifications.

It is hoped that this will be possible during 2010 with the first phase of training taking place early in the year and followed later in the year by facilitator training.  We are passionate about ICDP, would love to be able to fully offer its programmes and look forward to you comments and support. With warm best wishes, Jill

2. South Africa: RobS and the Cindy Cluster

Dear Karsten and ICDP Partners,                                                                                                                                                9 November 2009

A Big Thank you from us at RobS for a very interesting and inspiring few days together, wonderful conversations, people and hospitality beyond excellent. We felt very welcomed and cared for. Attached please find RobS intentions and wishes in relation to implementing ICDP.  We gave a presentation about ICDP to a number of CINDI members yesterday at the PSS Cluster Meeting with a wonderful response.Thus our notes reflect our hopes for work within the CINDI cluster as well as for RobS independently. Warmly, Rachel & Pinky for RobS 

 RobS Opportunities for ICDP Implementation in South Africa                        

 The clear alignment into intention between the RobS Family Support Programme and ICDP makes the opportunities currently quite numerous. This is our thinking so far:

1) Strengthen our current Play for Communication with a Follow up ICDP Program.  Currently I feel that our Intro training in Play enlivens the adult child relationship and the principles are well integrated however we could strengthen the use of the Expansive Dialogue and the Regulative Dialogue. Reach 180 caregivers per year;

2) Add ICDP to our community training - reach 60 community member trained per community per year of which about 24 would go on to be mentored to replicate ICDP within the community; We work in 2 communities per year

3) Longer term when we are trained as trainers we would like to incorporate ICDP training and training of trainers into our training process (please see attached RobS training process and flow-chart, the process is very similar to the ICDP approach) – 1n 2009 alone we have trained 20 different organizations in work using play to help parents and caregivers connect with children after loss. Follow up with those trained show that 79% of those we train actually implement a support process with children and reach between 5 – 13 children.

CINDI Network possibilities

 The CINDI Network see website www.cindi.org.za has 150 member organizations (CBO’s and NGO’s).  Of the 150, approximately 93 are CBO members working in communities in and around the KZN Province (Members congregated in 4 districts - 1.Umgunglovu & Sisonke; 2.Ladysmith, Escourt & Newcastle; 3. Majuba; 4. Mkhanyakude)

The PSS cluster is a voluntary network of member organizations who meet and work together to strengthen PSS within the Network.  The cluster has a small budget annually that is used towards joint activities that strengthen the work of members in psychosocial support.  Capacity Building for members in key areas is an important way that the cluster supports members and training is a key way that this is done. The CINDI Network would offer a key pool of members who would be well placed to be trained in using the program at community level. Ideally the cluster would seek to use funds to train but also to build up trainers within a group of members so that the capacity for scale-up (while maintaining the quality and the integrity of the relational intention of the program), can exist within the Network. To achieve the above we would like to do the following:

Plan a process and understand the costs associated with training to take a key set of people and organisations through the 3 steps to build capacity to train trainers here in South Africa:

 a) Training & Implementation to learn principles and use with a child

b) Training & Implementation to run a group with caregivers (of those who implement select those who become trainers)

c) Finally Train others to work with a child and run groups with caregivers

If we have a plan and an understanding of the training and the implementation process and assessment of implementation then we can help organizations understand the process and we can seek funding to facilitate the full outcome.  It feels clear that there is a need for Training Capacity to exist with South Africa if the ICDP program is to reach the many children and caregivers in need.  Warmly and with excitement, Rachel Rozentals-Thresher                   CEO rachel@rsbsc.co.za

3. Ethiopia

Dear ICDP Group, Karsten, Gomez and Santana! Thank you Karsten, Gomez, and Santana, and thank you for the unforgettable hospitality in Maputo. These were indeed moments of joy and unforgettable events. The Workshop was indeed an "eye-opener" and a stimulus for our further reflection on what we should do in our respective countries. I in fact discussed the whole spirit of the Workshop with our colleagues here in Ethiopia, and we have agreed to come up with a proposal that we will mail soon to all of you. Bye and all the best, Teka    See below for example of Teka’s and colleague’s work linked to ICDP in Ethiopia:

Early Psychosocial Research and Intervention Experiences in Ethiopia[1]                         Tirussew Teferra[2]& Teka Zewdie[3] 

Abstract: The paper highlights the long years of experiences the Research Team underwent in promoting early psychosocial care and intervention in Ethiopia. The Team’s research and intervention exercises   for sensitizing caregivers in Ethiopia, basically referred to varied theoretical orientations, but focused on Klein-Hundeide’s (1989) Mediational Intervention (MISC-ICDP) Program. With its characteristic goal of promoting a positive culture of early caregiver-child interaction in Ethiopia, the Program was introduced in a quasi-experimental fashion, first to selected disadvantaged families of Addis Ababa, then to employed caregivers and to older girls of an orphanage in Addis Ababa who were identified and trained to play as alternative caregivers in the institution. Finally the Program was extended to several childcare institutions (i.e. traditional and modern) of three selected major towns of three regional states outside Addis Ababa. This paper, however, focuses on the experiences drawn from mother-child dyads of a disadvantaged community in Addis Ababa in modifying the Program in a culture-sensitive and cost-effective mode in Ethiopia. 

 4. Zimbabwe

The Community Foundation for the Western Region of Zimbabwe would like to partner with ICDP in u-scaling its Home-based Orphan Care Programme using the ICDP principles.  As the name implies, home based orphan care is simply providing a family support or community support system to orphans and vulnerable children to experience quality family life and all safety nets that family life provides.  Foster parents or extended family support or an existing community support system should ensure that it makes the orphan or vulnerable children welcome and should also create self confidence.  Some of the activities include sensitization workshops on family life, Early Childhood Development, child care skills, learning exchange/sharing experiences, health clinics, children's rights, psychosocial support, resource mobilization for children's activities, child protection mainstreaming, child participation and capacity building of care givers. Currently we are covering 9 districts and we would like to cover all 25 districts in the western part of Zimbabwe. It is our intention to employ the ICDP principles in achieving all the above stated activities. I assume this suffices. Please let me know should you need any clarification. Regards, Inviolatta

5. Tanzania

Below is taken from the power point presentation from the Tanzanian team:

Kiwakkuki has trained caregivers, staff members and facilitators in ICDP concepts; 21 persons completed initial training as facilitators and 13 completed as Trainers. Sponsors: Bergen University and Bernard van Leer Foundation (BVLF). Procedures for integrating and merging ICDP into caregivers training: - for children 0-8, Kiwakkuki focuses on supporting caregivers; - Kiwakkuki sensitized 48 caregivers (8 groups of 6 people) in child development overview. ICDP principles and guidelines were incorporated into the sensitization.; - 24 previously trained persons joined the 48 who were sensitized. This group had been sponsored by BVLF (24+ 48 new caregivers = total 72 caregivers). Positive outcomes: - many people believed you couldn't raise children properly without the stick, but the trainings opened their minds to try praise and love; - often caregivers planned without consulting children, but found that children wanted to participate in some planning, and behaved better when they were included; - caregivers were enthusiastic about giving new information to the community; KIWAKKUKI has collaborated with ICDP and ECD (Early Childhood Development) project

6. The Malawi project

First of all, thanks to you, Pedro, Santana and the rest of the group for some very special and wonderful days in Maputo. We feel fortunate to have met so many dedicated and gifted colleagues, and to have the possibility to share your experiences from the years of  developing and practicing  ICDP. We have now returned to our daily busy clinical work, and have also started planning for  ICDP activities further on.

Background: Our  employer, PiV (Psychiatri of Vestfold)  runs the project “ Psychosocial support for vulnerable children “ in Malawi, coordinated by  Norwegian Church Aid ( NCA) in

Malawi: The ongoing  program has a duration of three years, with 2010 as the last year . The target group has been two of  Norwegian Church Aids partners ; Chisomo Children s  Club and Alinafe Community Hospital. Together with NCA Malawi, we have provided trainings for social workers  and volunteers working at Chisomo Children Club for street children in the cities Blantyre and Lilongwe, and at Alinafe Community Hospital.   The training has mainly been based on  a manual written in Namibia “ How to build resilience in children affected by HIV and AIDS.” ( Sr Silke –Andrea Mallmann CPS ). Members of our project group together with facilitator from Malawi, have met one group twice a year in one weeks training . We have emphasized to create a secure place for emotional  learning, and with a high degree of participation from the group members.Feedback from evaluation for both groups has been positive. The next year  2010 is the last year of the existing project period, and we are no preparing  a proposal for an extension of the project.

Plans for the future: During our two last visits in Malawi, we have carried out a needs assessment for implementing ICDP  connected to Alinafe Community Hospital and  we are planning for an ICDP group there for 2010. Alinafe Community Hospital is a Catholic hospital, working in a rural district. The hospital promotes a clear community based approach, and runs an orphan care program in the communities through a well organized structure of social workers and volunteers.  There are about 6000 orphans registered in Alinafes catchments area and 126 villages.  There are established Community Based Children Centers  - CBBC- in most of the villages, run by volunteers and supported by social workers at Alinafe. The children at CBBC s are at the age of ca 3 years - 8 years old, some of them orphans, the elderly not able to participate in public schools of several reasons as poverty, lack of support and also otherwise affected by the HIV or AIDS pandemic.

We are asked to maintain our project with social workers and volunteers at the CBCC s as a target group. The participants will be chosen by Alinafes head administration from members of their core group . The leadership, volunteers and social workers at Alinafe asks for support in developing knowledge and approach when it comes to building relationship and  interacting with the children in a sensitive and caring way. They have  described a strong need of this when it comes to children suffering from malnutrition  and from neglect. We are planning for one visit in Malawi in April/ May and a revisit in September/ October.As a preparation, members of the project group are planning for an ICDP group at our clinic from January 2010. Fortunately, Ingeborg Egebjerg will support us with some supervision. We will also very much want to contact you for some advice in our planning. An important issue, not solved yet, is the sustainability of the ICDP after our project period. In what way can we prepare for building a network later on must focused.  The network meeting in Maputo was a great inspiration when it comes to this point!

In short :  ICDP group in Malawi are planned to start in 2010 as part of the project “Psychosocial support for Orphans and Vulnerable Children .” by NCA Malawi and PiV . We hope to go on with this also in 2011, depending on whether the project period will be sustained or not. There is a need to find or identify resource persons to strengthen the sustainability of the ICDP program in Malawi. Best regards from, Dagny Tøndevold, Project coordinator  PiV

7. ICDP in Mozambique

In ICDP Mozambique there has been a change as we previously tended to spread out services wide and train many organizations, now we try to focus our work on two large organizations (A- projects) that are more thoroughly monitored and evaluated. This is important so that we can provide evidence and documentations of our work both for possible donors and for our own records. In order to achieve this MoUs were established to help create a bond of commitment with the cooperating. In this way we have established institutional relations to train the Provincial Social Services staff and Mozambican Women’s Organization, both with extensive outreach at provincial and national levels. At the same time we have been making a particular effort to link up with the state run university (UEM) in order to introduce the program in child related courses and give additional sustainability and outreach to the program. Also we have emphasized the importance of working with gender balanced teams in order to promote equality of gender and that in parallel with children’s psychosocial development program we promote rights both of children and women. In addition we have many plans and possibilities that need to be evaluated. These are:

1. New evaluation of the ICDP work in the Maputo area

The idea of “A- projects” (see above) was that they should be evaluated and thoroughly monitored. This is now prepared in an evaluative scheme that has been presented to the team. This will be implemented in 2010. In addition there will be an extension of the Norwegian evaluation project with the same methods as a basis for comparison. This will be implemented in November 2009 and it will be important for our documentation both to NORAD and other donor agencies.

2. ICDP in Mozambican education

There are requests and interests from the Ministry of education  and this is a possible new development that need to be carefully evaluated  both with regard to who can lead the training – in addition to our A projects – and how we can recruit and train special ICDP trainers who have sufficient background to function in this role. This is not clear. There are possibilities both in the preschool sector and in the upgrading of teachers in general – as we did in Angola. See agenda already prepared and also the unpublished book “ICDP in Education” from the ICDP Foundation.

3. Expanding to the area of greatest need – Zambeci and Tete region?

Statistics show clear that this the region of greatest need both in relation to poverty and AIDS and illiteracy (more than 70%!). We need extra funding and probably even more cooperation with other stronger NGOs like Redd Barna in order to reach the goal of working in this region, it should not be given up. This would probably be more community work like the one we are doing with OMM. We need field research in order to get started – also investigating possible cooperation with Redd Barna in this field.

4. Cooperation with university

This is to some extent already present but it should be strengthened and extended. The contact with Dr. Boya Efraim and his new position at the university could be important and we need also to follow up the links to preschool education.

Appendix 2: The agenda in practice

Monday:

Morning:

Presentations

Lecture on key points in ICDP

 Afternoon

Discussion of their experiences

And setting up ICDP projects

Tuesday:

Morning:

Field visit to 2 projects

Afternoon:

Tanzania

Zimbabwe

Wednesday:

Morning:

Lecture on culture and child rearing

Afternoon:

Ethiopia

South Africa

Thursday:

Morning:

Malawi, NCA and the clinical group presented plans

Plans for ICDP further

New meeting in South Africa?

ICDP films

End of meeting at lunch time

In total a very successful meting

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